Thursday, September 16, 2010

Persons of Mean and Vile Condition, Zinn Chapter 3

As we've discussed, historians must make choices when writing - why does Zinn choose this title for chapter 3?  Do you agree with him?  Why or why not? What is an alternate title for the chapter?

13 comments:

  1. Zinn chose this title for chapter three, because the lower class in the colonies was subject to conditions that were cruel and despicable under the power of English royalty and upper class. Mostly all of the land in the colonies was distributed to a few wealthy citizens, while the lower class was scrounging for food, money and shelter just to keep themselves and their families alive. Poorhouses weren’t even big enough to house the unemployed, homeless and sick. In Boston in 1713 those suffering from poverty were so desperate for food that they attacked ships full of corn. Poor white indentured servants, though they signed a seemingly fair contract, were beaten, whipped, raped and forced to work for arduous hours for little food and payment in return. I agree with Zinn, because the class gap in the colonies allowed the upper class to live a life of prosperity and wealth while the lower class, servants, and slaves, who made up the majority of society, were living in unsanitary, unhealthy and degrading conditions. These horrible conditions are what spurred the rebellions and strikes from the lower class (like Bacon’s Rebellion) and what, in turn, spurred the fear of the elite and English government of these uprisings. An alternate title for this chapter would be “Poverty, Starvation and Desperation Scream Time for Revolution.” It was these horrible conditions that ultimately contributed in large part to the ideas behind the American Revolution.

    -Cayla

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  2. I agree with Zinn’s title for this chapter because there was a mass amount of rioting among the lower class, caused by a major gap between the rich and the poor. Because the upper class was given power by the King of England, proprietors were in control and were therefore only concerned about the well being of their own people-those who were also in the upper class. When the wealthy land owners gained power, they only became richer, especially when they were using more slaves to help on the plantations, giving them much more profit when they exported goods like tobacco to England. As the rich became richer, the poor just became poorer, and were hardly able to feed their families. Immigrants wanted to come to America for a better life than the poor, oppressive lives they were living in England, but America was turning out to be just the same. The horrible conditions that the lower class was exposed to caused them to rebel and riot against the unjust government. One example of this was in 1747 when the lower class attacked the wealthy tax dodgers who didn’t care about the welfare of other people (Address to the Freeholders). An alternate title to this chapter would be “Revolts, Riots and the Road to Revolution”.

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  3. Howard Zinn chose the title "Persons of Mean and Vile Condition" for chapter three because it represents the way rich white men of the upper class treated poor people of the lower classes, such as slaves and indentured servants. The "Persons of Mean" are the wealthy European men because they treated the lower class very harshly and basically exploited them. The "Vile Condition" that Zinn talks about, is how slaves and people of the lower classes lived. The lower class had to preform torturous work and they just barley got by living, with limited amount of food.
    I agree with this title because the upper class lived luxuriously, while the majority of people, who were in the lower class had to deal with terrible and unfair conditions. This ultimately led to resistance against the upper class in Bacon's Rebellion of 1676.
    An alternate title for this chapter could be " Rich Or Poor, And Nothing In Between". As the class divisions became sharper, there really was no "in between". Clearly the upper class thought they were inferior and mistreated the lower class in many respects.
    -Cassidy Cohen

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  4. Zinn uses this name for the chapter because it is all about the horrible conditions that the poor people are subjected to. They are forced to work hard without any breaks and are not given much food. These conditions later lead to many revolts and strikes, where the poor are just pushed into a deeper hole. They are punished for rebelling and the conditions did not improve. Also, the rich take all of the good farming land that was by the coast. This forced the poorer farmers to move inland into Indian Territory. There are conflicts between the two groups and Bacon’s rebellion starts. This rebellion is not only the farmers against the Indians, but also the poor against the rich. I agree with Zinn’s decision to name this chapter how he did for the reasons stated above. Another name for this chapter could be, “Rich vs. Poor.”
    -Matt Cysner

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  5. Zinn’s title of the his 3rd chapter, "Persons of Mean and Vile Condition”, is a proper title because the English mistreated the lower class of the people in America, such as Jamestown. The King of England gave only the wealthy people of the colonies large amounts of land which from there the those people would spread charge people land and that would create indentured servants. And those indentured servants need slaves to help work the agriculture. The lower class had a raw deal; they had to work more and barely got any credit for it. The wealthy lived the life, and they got anything that they wanted as long it complied with King of England. Because of this there was a really spike in classes, this made the poor poorer and the wealthy wealthier. Because of this unfairness, the colonist got angry wanted to revolt and take charge so everything gets fair. That is why I think that the title should be changed to “Revolution anyone?” I think that it should be this because everyone wanted to change the government but there weren’t many people who wanted to actually start it or be blamed for it that is what the founding fathers did.

    -Kevin Song-

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  6. Howard Zinn chose the title "Persons of Mean and Vile Condition" for chapter three, and it has proven to be a very suitable title. I certainly agree with Zinn's title because there were a certain group of people, the lower class, who lived through mean and vile conditions in the early 1700s. Riots such as Bacon's Rebellion led to sharp class differences between the upper and lower classes. After indentured servants fulfilled their servitude, most did not become successful individuals, and continued to live through tough, unfavorable conditions in society. As time went on, the rich got more rich and the poor became more poor. Plantation owners used indentured servants and black slaves to work their fields, and they profited more off of their work. Workers' lives became worse on the fields, and plantation owners and upper class merchants just benefitted from them. The upper class received most of the benefits in society altogether, and monopolized on power. The lower class (consisted of free indentured servants mostly) received the shorter end of the stick with unbearable taxing on goods, exploitation, and harsh living arrangements. Small businesses that were considered part of the lower class suffered as well in this new "feudal" society based on an aristocrat government. Lower class individuals such as bakers, butchers, and coopers protested against government control (which created an even SHARPER class difference). Laws were passed to try and maintain the lower class people from getting too "out of control," which just made matters worse. The lower class got hit the hardest in the early and mid 1700s by society, and this catapulted a huge Revolution soon to come. Another title for this chapter could be "Always the lower end for the lower class." The lower class did suffer discrimination from society and became subjected to the upper class as they took over their government.

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  7. Howard Zinn chose the title "Persons of Mean and Vile Condition" for chapter three because the chapter was mainly about the lower colonial classes, whom were subject to cruel treatment and unfairness. It all started with the first indentured servants who came to the Americas along with the first colonists. They were under contracts to work for their masters for 4 to 7 years until they had paid off the costs for their trips to the New World. The first group of indentured servants was relatively lucky, because a substantial percentage of them ended up owning land and becoming successful people after their contracts expired. The second wave of indentured slaves however was not as fortunate. England had begun to force its beggars and criminals to go work in the New World hoping to get rid of them, and this caused different classes to form. The masters of the servants began to view them as property, much like the Africans were viewed later on. Servants were often beaten and sometimes raped, with cruel and unusual punishments like cutting off digits sometimes being involved. Even when servants got out of their contracts, only 2/10 would become land owners or artisians. That means that 80% continued their field work and lived lives which were under the poverty line. This also caused the line between the rich and poor to become even greater, because if 8/10 people were below the poverty line, that meant that in 1687 the top 5% owned 25% of the wealth, and by 1770, the top 1% owned 44% of the wealth. The problems between rich and poor were not only economical however. Political problems also formed, because the "representative" governments of the colonies were all run by the same upper class people whom had the most money, meaning that they also had the most power. To further drive the line between the rich and the poor, the rich were offered thousands of acres of land depending on their connections and powers as officials. In the Carolinas for example, rich speculators seized half a million acres of land for themselves, causing smaller farmers to squat on small bits of farmland fighting the land owners when they would try to collect rent. All of these unfair advantages that the rich had created an unfair and unjust world for those whom were less fortunate, which is why Howard Zinn named his 3rd chapter "Persons of Mean and Vile Condition", which is also why i agree with him.

    Juuli

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  8. "Persons of Mean and Vile Condition" was an excellent title to put emphasis on the vast gap between the rich and the poor described in this chapter. The top elites of colonial society would exploit the lower class, overworking and underpaying them. Many of these "persons of mean and vile condition" would later cause insurrections of both large scale and small scale, leading up to the idea that the colonists shouldn't have to be subordinate to the Crown any longer.

    I believe Zinn's title is very appropriate to describe the events in chapter 3. Many of the lower class, peasants and indentured servants alike, all lived lives of agonizing bondage of up to five to seven years. Even after becoming free, life hardly ever improved, with only two out of every ten servants making it from indentured servant to wealthy elite.

    Another title to this chapter could be, "It's Time to Change" since the colonists, both rich and poor, wanted change, whether it was separation from the Crown or better pay and more food from working.
    -Michael Chen

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  9. Zinn's title for this chapter, Persons of Mean and Vile Condition, is very suitable for the context. Zinn discusses about how throughout the development of the colonies the exceedingly large difference between the upper and lower class generated tension and violence. Bacon's rebellion for instance is a perfect example of the lower class revolting against the upper class. Also, in Virginia the House of Burgesses declared war on the Indians. In New York, the governor gives land away for almost nothing to his buddies. He gave one of his friends half a million acres for only 30 shillings. That's like nothing! At that time, in New York, one grant of speculators was two million acres. In all of the colonies the use of slaves and indentured servants was increasing. Woman were raped and murders were common. The amount of poor people in boston jumped from 14 percent to 29 percent. Violence escalated and guerilla warfare was common.
    Andy Smithline

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  10. Zinn's choice to name chapter 3 "Persons of Mean and Vile Condition" has to do with summing up the main ideas of the chapter, which, essentially has to do with the gap between the rich and the poor in the colonies, and how to latter category were treated in"mean" and "vile" ways.
    The gap between the rich and the poor was solidified by the use of ex-criminals and debters from England as indentured servants. Because the upper class already considered themselves superior to the lower class, when their servants were suddenly people they felt holy next to, they felt free to treat their servants in whatever way they wished. These ways included beatings, whippings, and rape.
    Another factor making this gap bigger was the fact that the rich exploited the poor for their work. The rich could afford servants, thus their work was done much more efficiently than say, those who didn't have the money to afford workers. They produced more materials and sold more than the poor. Laws were constantly being passed to keep the lower class from rebelling against those in classes above them. The poor were treated like dirt, and often suffered from starvation.
    I agree with Zinn's naming of this chapter, because i truly believe that the cruelty faced by the poor was a result of some bitter condition existing among the colonists. Events that occurred on, for example, the boat Sea Flower, where the poor weren't fed enough and eventually sunk to consuming six corpses, exemplify some of those horrors faced.
    Another name for this chapter could be "The Rich Get Richer and the Poor get Poorer", because the chapter was basically about how the gap between the two classes was growing.

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  11. Zinn's title choice for this chapter 3 was "Persons of Mean and Vile Condition”, this a valid title because the English treated the lower class of the people in America with such disrespect. The King gave only the rich people of the colonies land which those people would charge people land and make them indentured servants. The indentured servants need slaves to help them work. The lower class had to work more and really didn't get any credit for it. The wealthy lived very well and they got everything that they wanted as long it was okay with King. This made the poor poorer and the wealthy wealthier. The colonist became angry and wanted to revolt and take charge so things would become fair. I think that the title should be changed to “Spark of the Revolution”. I think this should be the title because it began to cause colonist to see what wrong England was doing to them.

    -Anthony Brown

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  12. Howard Zinn chose this title for Chapter 3 because it summarizes in few words the harsh cruel actions that the English Settlers enforced on the poor people of the new world. Many examples of this occured in the english colonies. One example is the actions of Bacon's rebellion where Nathaniel Bacon and his associates were brutally hanged because they wanted to change the way the English were handling the indians.
    Another example of the harsh cruelties the English committed against people who were less fortunate was the indentured servants, which came across the Atlantic Ocean. The servants had to endure vary scare food and sometimes no food. Also they had to deal with the harsh living conditions on the ship which its journey could last 8-12 weeks! When the servants arrived in the colonies they were bought and sold like slaves, far from the American dream.
    My last hardship that the poor of the colonies had to endure was the actions of the House of Burgess. The house of Burgess was created in the year 1619 as the first representive assembly in America. The house was held in Virginia and they believed on paper that the slaves and masters of those slaves had equal rights. They were blind to the truth. When indians became unwilling to work they pursued Black slaves as their main source of labor. The house of Burgess declared war on the indians and moved them out west. The indians were beaten, kileed and stripped of their native lands.
    "Persons of a Mean and Vile Conditions" is a perfect title to explain the hardships that the poor of the new colonies had to endure. The whites have a vile condition that led to very unfortunate events.

    Zack Davidoff

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  13. Zinn names his chapter this because this whole chapter is all about the bad conditions that these people were subjected to and what they were put through. They are out through tough conditions like not alot of food and just the way that people would not like to be treated and quite frankly should not be treated. The poor people then got sick of the way that they were being treated and started to revolt and go against there owners which ended up backfiring on them and therefore from that the conditions did not improve at all. This is defintly the correct title for this chapter because this chapters title is everything in this chapter summed up in 5 words. I think that an alternate name for this chapter could be "Nothing In Between is seen".

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